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There are two kinds of skin-damaging ultraviolet rays. Long wave UVA rays and medium wave UVB rays. Both are harmful and link to skin cancer and aging. UVB rays cause sunburns. UVA rays penetrate windows and are responsible for tanning and premature aging.

UPF refers to the Ultraviolet Protection Factor UPF which is a measurement of the amount of UVA and UVB rays that a fabric blocks. 

SPF refers to the Sun Protection Factor which is a measurement of the amount of UVB rays a sunscreen lotion will block.  The lower the number, the faster you’ll burn. Sunscreen should be reapplied regularly, at least every two hours.

Outdoor play is an important part of childhood. Children spend more time outdoors than adults and often 80% of their total lifetime exposure to the sun's broad spectrum radiation occurs before the age of 18. The negative effects of solar radiation are accumulated during ones entire lifetime so early exposure results in long term skin damage and a higher incidence of adult malignant melanomas.

There is no need to avoid outdoor activities if you have the right protection for their skin.  Start with a great hat that has a sun protection rating of UPF50+ Excellent Sun Protection.